Magnetoresistive Devices: Magnetic Sensors, Magnetic Memory and Magnetic Logic

NEW MAGNETIC DEVICES AND FUNCTIONALITIES

Günter Reiss

Basics

When two ferromagnetic thin films are separated by a thin nonmagnetic metal or insulator, the electrical resistance of this arrangement depends strongly on the relative orientations of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnets. Usually, the resistance in parallel arrangement (Rp) is much smaller than in the antiparallel one (Rap). The amplitude of the effect is then defined as (Rap- Rp)/ Rp .

Günter Reiss

As sketched, different dependencies of the resistance on the external field can be realized by tailoring the layer sequence and the lithographic shape of the film stacks. Whereas the linear dependence is appropriate for quantitative measurements of the external field, the hysteretic one can serve either for counting or for data storage.

Günter Reiss

With these thin film system, a variety of new products can be developed:

* Magnetic Sensors with high sensitivity to detect ultrasmall magnetic fields

* Sensor arrays for magnetic cameras to scan information in, e.g., security systems for product control

* Sensors for magnetoresistive Biochips capable to detect small concentrations of, e.g., antibodies, DNA sequences or proteins.

* Non volatile Random Access Memories and field programmable magnetic logic gates

Our Offer

We offer collaborative projects for the development of new custom-tailored sensors, storage devices and logic circuits.

Additionally, Systems On Chip (SOI's) can be realized, where, e.g. sensors and storage cells are integrated on one chip.

Our equipment allows for:

Günter Reiss

The development can be organized in direct contracts or within funded projects.

Interested in developing new products?

send an e-mail to: Günter Reiss (reiss@physik.uni-bielefeld.de)

or

contact by phone or regular mail:

Prof. Dr. Günter Reiss

Bielefeld University, Physics Department

P.O. Box 100 131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany

Phone: +49 (0)521 106 5411, Fax: +49 (0)521 106 6046

Selected publications

A. A. Khan, J. Schmalhorst, A. Thomas, V. Drewello and G. Reiss: Dielectric breakdown and inelastic tunneling spectroscopy of top and bottom pinned Co-Fe-B/MgO/Co-Fe-B magnetic tunneling junction, J. Appl. Phys. 105 (2009) 083723

G. M. Müller, J. Walowski, M. Djordjevic, G.-X. Miao, A. Gupta, A. V. Ramos, K. Gehrke, V. Moshnyaga, K. Samwer, J. Schmalhorst, A. Thomas, G. Reiss, J. S. Moodera, M. Münzenberg, Spin Polarization in Half Metals Probed by Femtosecond Spin Excitation, Nature Materials, 8 (2009) 56

G. Reiss, J. Schmalhorst, A. Thomas, A. Hütten, S. Yuasa: 'Magnetic Tunnel Junctions', Springer Tracts in Modern Physics 227 (2008) 291 - 333

A. Thomas, V. Drewello, M. Schaefers, A. Weddemann, G. Reiss, G. Eilers, M. Muenzenberg, K. Thiel, M. Seibt, Direct imaging of the structural change generated by dielectric breakdown in MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 (2008) 152508

B. Van Waeyenberge, A. Puzic, H. Stoll, K.W. Chou, T. Tyliszczak, R. Hertel, M. Fähnle, H. Brückl, K. Rott, G. Reiss, I. Neudecker, D. Weiss, C. H. Back, G. Schütz: 'Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation with short bursts of an alternating field', Nature 444 (2006) 461

The History of GMR and TMR

The Nobel Prize was awarded in 2007 to Peter Gruenberg (Research Center Juelich) and Albert Fert (Université Paris) for their discovery of the Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR). This effect appears in thin film systems with an individual layer thickness of a few atomic monolayers: A small external magnetic field causes a large change in the electric resistance of microelectronic devices. This resistance change is used as signal for the detection of magnetic fields. GMR devices were introduced to the market as read heads in the 1990'ies.

Within the last years, researchers successfully increased the resistance change from a few ten to a few hundred percent by introducing "tunneling devices", where the measuring current is flowing perpendicular to the film plane. This development opens many opportunities for new products.